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QAM (television)
QAM stands for quadrature amplitude modulation, the format by which digital cable channels are encoded and transmitted via cable television providers. QAM is used in a variety of communications systems such as Dial-up modems and WiFi. In cable systems, a QAM tuner is linked to the cable in a manner that is equivalent to an ATSC tuner which is required to receive over-the-air (OTA) digital channels broadcast by local television stations when attached to an antenna. Most new HDTV digital televisions support both of these standards. QAM uses the same 6 MHz bandwidth as ATSC, using a standard known as ITU-T Recommendation J.83 Annex B ("J.83b").〔http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/recommendations/rec.aspx?id=9301〕〔(HD 101: What is ATSC, PSIP, QAM, and 8-VSB? )〕
== Technical details ==
QAM is a modulation format and does not specify the format of the digital data being carried. However, when used in the context of US digital cable television, the format of the data transmitted using this modulation is based on ITU-T J.83 Annex B ("J.83b"). This is in contrast to DVB-C which is also based on QAM modulation, but uses a DVB-based data format which is incompatible with North American receivers.
QAM is a parallel form of modulation that transmits 2 independent signals at a symbol rate that is near, but less than, the bandwidth of 6 MHz. VSB modulation, on the other hand, is a serial form of modulation that transmits 1 independent signal at a symbol rate that is near, but less than, twice the bandwidth of 6 MHz. The two can be related by the fact that a VSB signal can be shown to be a form of offset QAM modulation where one of the 2 independent signals is delayed by 1/2 a symbol duration. The 8-VSB modulation in the ATSC system corresponds with the 64-QAM modulation of J.83b. In a 6 MHz channel, the data rate is at most 36 Mbit/s (for 64-QAM or 8-VSB); the 8-VSB ATSC achieves a data rate of 19.3926 Mbit/s while the 64-QAM J.83b achieves a data rate of 26.970 Mbit/s. While both systems use concatenated trellis/RS coding, the differences in symbol rate and FEC redundancy account for the differences in rate. In addition, J.83b defines a popular 256-QAM mode that achieves a data rate of 38.8 Mbit/s.
Many cable providers offer few or no details about unencrypted QAM channels. It is also common for cable providers to falsely insist that a set top box from the cable company is required to watch all digital cable channels, including unencrypted channels, even though QAM channels may be distributed via their system. QAM channels may move without notification and some channels may have strange numbering schemes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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